Isaiah 40:6-8 (NASB)

Isaiah 40:6-8 (NASB)

6) A voice says, “Call out.”
Then he answered, “What shall I call out?”
All flesh is grass, and all its loveliness is like the flower of the field.

7) The grass withers, the flower fades,
When the breath of the LORD blows upon it;
Surely the people are grass.

8) The grass withers, the flower fades,
But the word of our God stands forever.

Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts

Saturday, March 5, 2016

Noah--Looking back from today (Part I).

This subject is difficult. Talking about a worldwide flood sounds very strange. Many people can accept the idea of mankind descending from two earlier human ancestors--although there's disagreement where those ancestors came from. But when you raise the idea of a global flood you find yourself patted on the shoulder as a believer in myths:
While some scholars have offered possible explanations for the origins of the flood myth including a legendary retelling of a possible Black Sea deluge, the general mythological exaggeration and implausibility of the story are widely recognized by relevant academic fields. The acknowledgement of this follows closely the development of understanding of the natural history and especially the geology and paleontology of the planet ("Genesis flood narrative." Wikipedia.).
 I will grant that a global flood is not something anyone living has seen.

How Did Fish Survive Noah’s Flood?
"The Flood?" Answers in Genesis. 2016. Web. March 5, 2016.


With no one living to tell the tale, I'll turn again to present-day facts and widespread beliefs:
  • No worldwide flood in modern, accepted history
    • This requires no specific sources.
    • Genesis 9:11, "'I establish My covenant with you; and all flesh shall never again be cut off by the water of the flood, neither shall there again be a flood to destroy the earth.'"
  • The rainbow, broadly visible to both man and beast following rainstorms
    •  This requires no specific sources.
    • Genesis 9:12-15, "God said, 'This is the sign of the covenant which I am making between Me and you and every living creature that is with you, for all successive generations; I set My bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between Me and the earth. It shall come about, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow will be seen in the cloud, and I will remember My covenant, which is between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and never again shall the water become a flood to destroy all flesh.'"
  • Giants (i.e. very tall people, often of great strength, some with more than the normal number of toes/fingers)
    • Robert Wadlow, native of Illinois, reached 8 ft 11.1 in.
    • Anna Swan, Canadian, reached 7 ft 6 in.
    • Pranamya Menaria and Devendra Harne, Indian, having 25 total fingers & toes.
    • Andre the Giant (a.k.a. the giant "Fezzik" in The Princess Bride movie), French, was a wrestler and reached 7 ft 4 in.
    • Jorge Gonzales, Argentinian, was the tallest World Wrestling Federation member, reaching 7 ft 7in.
    • Genesis 6:4, "The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown."
    • Numbers 13:32-33, "So they gave out to the sons of Israel a bad report of the land which they had spied out, saying, 'The land through which we have gone, in spying it out, is a land that devours its inhabitants; and all the people whom we saw in it are men of great size. There also we saw the Nephilim (the sons of Anak are part of the Nephilim); and we became like grasshoppers in our own sight, and so we were in their sight.'"
    • II Samuel 21:20-21, "There was war at Gath again, where there was a man of great stature who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot, twenty-four in number; and he also had been born to the giant. When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, struck him down."
  • Multicultural accounts of a great flood similar to Noah's
    • Escape in an ark/chest:
    • Flood covering the mountains:
    • Survival of only a few people and pairs of animals:
    • Sending out a bird/animal to discover if the waters had subsided:
    • Genesis 7:13-20, "On the very same day Noah and Shem and Ham and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah’s wife and the three wives of his sons with them, entered the ark, they and every beast after its kind, and all the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth after its kind, and every bird after its kind, all sorts of birds. So they went into the ark to Noah, by twos of all flesh in which was the breath of life. Those that entered, male and female of all flesh, entered as God had commanded him; and the LORD closed it behind him. Then the flood came upon the earth for forty days, and the water increased and lifted up the ark, so that it rose above the earth. The water prevailed and increased greatly upon the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water. The water prevailed more and more upon the earth, so that all the high mountains everywhere under the heavens were covered. The water prevailed fifteen cubits higher, and the mountains were covered."
  • Ability of ancients to build large boats
Ship size comparison
"How large was Noah's Ark?" Answers in Genesis. 2016. Web. March 5, 2016.
    • The Leontifera and a 420 ft long later model
    • Chinese junks over 400 ft long
    • Egyptian ship made of cedar around 450 ft long
    • Genesis 6:14-16, "'Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch. This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. You shall make a window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from the top; and set the door of the ark in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.'"
Conservatively, if 1 cubit = ~1.5 ft (from fingertip to elbow of a man's arm):
      • Length = 300 cubits = ~450 ft
      • Breadth = 50 cubits = ~75 ft
      • Height = 30 cubits = ~45 ft
  • Worldwide fossil beds
    • Essentially no need for a specific source. Here is one general reference.
    • Genesis 6:17, "'Behold, I, even I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything that is on the earth shall perish.'"
But specimens where no phosphate could be seen still yielded small pieces of phosphatized soft tissue.Tissue types so far recovered include muscle fibres with banding present (Fig.6). Some muscle fibres display ultrastructure and show fibrils and even cell nuclei arranged in neat rows (Fig.7). Underneath the scales small pieces of dermis (skin) are preserved and show thin sheets of muscle and connective tissue. A female Notelops had ovaries with developing eggs inside, and one egg even had phosphatized yolk.
Martill, David M. "The Medusa effect: instantaneous fossilization." Geology Today (1989): 203. Web. Feb. 5, 2016. 
    • 80-day mineralization of plants: "Understanding fossilization: Experimental pyritization of plants"
    • Genesis 7:11-8:5, "In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the same day all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the floodgates of the sky were opened. The rain fell upon the earth for forty days and forty nights . . . Then the flood came upon the earth for forty days, and the water increased and lifted up the ark, so that it rose above the earth . . . In the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat. The water decreased steadily until the tenth month; in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains became visible."
 

Saturday, February 20, 2016

Adam&Eve--In light of present-day facts

We have no ability to interrogate a first-hand witness. So, the next alternative must be examination of present-day facts. How believable is the Genesis account of Adam and Eve in view of "modern" knowledge?

Some facts/customs/widespread beliefs compared to Scripture:
  • Basis for clothing only worn by mankind
    • This fact is readily known. Animals may have fur and/or feathers, but they do not go to the trouble to make clothing for themselves.
    • Genesis 3:6-7, "When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loin coverings."
  • Basis for observance of the week
    • The week is not only clearly present in the US calendar, but is also recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
    • Genesis 2:1-3, "Thus the heavens and the earth were completed, and all their hosts. By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done. Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and made."--How would billions of years of evolution yield this observance?
  • Basis for long, painful labor in childbirth only seen in mankind
    • This is recognized by even scientists.
    • Genesis 3:11-16, "And He said, 'Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat?' . . . "To the woman He said,
                  'I will greatly multiply
                  Your pain in childbirth,
                  In pain you will bring forth children;
                  Yet your desire will be for your husband,
                  And he will rule over you.'"
  • Basis for human agriculture/toiling over the ground to raise crops
    • Setting aside the cases of certain termites, ants, and ambrosia beetles, this practice is not seen among the claimed close evolutionary ancestors of man.
    • Genesis 3:17-19, "Then to Adam He said, 'Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree about which I commanded you, saying, "You shall not eat from it";
                  Cursed is the ground because of you;
                  In toil you will eat of it
                  All the days of your life.

            Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you;
                  And you will eat the plants of the field;

            By the sweat of your face
                  You will eat bread,
                  Till you return to the ground,
                  Because from it you were taken;
                  For you are dust,
                  And to dust you shall return.'"
  • Basis for man's unique moral awareness
    •  Recognized by Darwin and now within modern psychology
    •  Genesis 3:5-6, "'For God knows that in the day you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.' When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate."
  • Basis for man's unique intelligence
    • Globally apparent from mankind's unrivaled achievements: space exploration as Earth dwellers, deep-sea exploration as land-dwellers, nanotechnology, computers, cars, sky-scrapers, instant long-distance communication, etc.
    • Genesis 1:26, "Then God said, 'Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.'"
  • Basis for belief in a Supernatural Being
    • There is a significant percentage of people worldwide who believe in God.
    • Genesis 3:8, "They heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden."
  • Basis for discipline/punishment
    • The practice of discipline or punishment is clear through worldwide child discipline, police, governmental courts, and prisons or correctional facilities.
    • Genesis 3:22-23, "Then the LORD God said, 'Behold, the man has become like one of Us, knowing good and evil; and now, he might stretch out his hand, and take also from the tree of life, and eat, and live forever'— therefore the LORD God sent him out from the garden of Eden, to cultivate the ground from which he was taken."
  • Basis for mankind's dominion over the Earth
    • Clear from the existence of zoos, agriculture, industrialization, rapid transportation, etc.
    • Genesis 1:27-28, "God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them; and God said to them, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.'"
  • Basis for family household of a man and woman, providing care for any young children.
    • Shown in research by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
    • Genesis 2:22-24, "The LORD God fashioned into a woman the rib which He had taken from the man, and brought her to the man. The man said,
                  'This is now bone of my bones,
                  And flesh of my flesh;
                  She shall be called Woman,
                  Because she was taken out of Man.'

      For this reason a man shall leave his father and his mother, and be joined to his wife; and they shall become one flesh."
  • Beginning of marital conflict/heartache/divorce
    • A widely enough known problem to stimulate much research. Some 2010 research.
    • Genesis 3:11-13, "And He said, 'Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat?' The man said, 'The woman whom You gave to be with me, she gave me from the tree, and I ate.' Then the LORD God said to the woman, 'What is this you have done?' And the woman said, 'The serpent deceived me, and I ate.'"
  • Basis for lifelong marriage
    • Recognized by US census (see page 4).
    • Genesis 2:22-24, seen above under family household
  • Basis for racial equality
    • What the American Civil War/War between the States was fought over.
    • Genesis 3:20, "Now the man called his wife’s name Eve, because she was the mother of all the living."
  • Basis for value of women/a two-gender humanity rather than a single-gender
    • Recognized so strongly today that this is a political pitfall for those who don't choose their words carefully.
    • Genesis 2:18, "Then the LORD God said, “It is not good [emphasis added] for the man to be alone; I will make him a helper suitable for him.”
 

Saturday, January 30, 2016

"Science Talk" on Origins - Why/How a wet planet?

New Earthrise Image from LRO spacecraft
Moon vs. Earth NASA photo (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)

National Geographic Article


Scientific Method: Observation, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion
 

Some problems with the "science" in the National Geographic article:
  1. Non-observational "science" - The researchers did not observe the appearance of water on the Earth.
  2. Non-experimental "science" - The researchers cannot repeat their ideas with attempts to generate oceans on other planets.
  3. Calling research "science", even though it breaks the chain of scientific reasoning.
  4. Calling originators of this research "scientists", even though they don't follow the scientific method.
  5. Reporting "thought"s, "suspect"s, "may"s, and "suggest"s as good quality science.

Some problems with original Science article: Adam R. Sarafian, Sune G. Nielsen, Horst R. Marschall, Francis M. McCubbin, Brian D. Monteleone, "Early accretion of water in the inner solar system from a carbonaceous chondrite–like source." Science 31 Oct 2014: Vol. 346, Issue 6209, pp. 623-626.
  1. "Astronomers know that interstellar water is abundantly available to young planetary systems—our blue planet collected (or accreted) plenty of it." - Logical fallacy here: Hasty Generalization (what other "young planets" besides the solitary example of Earth?)
  2.  "Sarafian et al. measured water isotopes in meteorite samples from the asteroid Vesta for clues to the timing of water accretion. Their samples have the same isotopic fingerprint of volatiles as both Earth and carbonaceous chondrites, some of the most primitive meteorites. The findings suggest that Earth received most of its water relatively early from chondrite-like bodies." - Logical fallacy here: False Dilemma (what if the meteorites were generated by the Earth?)
  3. "The H, C, and N isotopic similarities between eucrites, Earth, and potentially the Moon allow us to place important limits [emphasis added] on the timing of water delivery to the inner solar system. Earth cannot provide timing [emphasis added] of water delivery because it is currently geologically active. The Moon likely accreted its water at or before ~200 million years after CAIs, or around 4367 Ma (3, 23), but such a constraint is not very rigorous, given that all the planets in the inner solar system are thought to have fully accreted by this time. Eucrites provide a substantially earlier data point, which suggests that the source of Earth’s water was present in the inner solar system very early, ~8 to 20 million years after CAIs (15, 16). This evidence moves back the time at which the terrestrial water reservoir is thought to exist and have been available for accretion. Additionally, this reservoir was present between 1 and 2.4 AU and perhaps throughout the inner solar system. Late-stage addition of water to planets from outer parts of the solar system is therefore unlikely to have affected the water budgets of inner solar system bodies. Thus, the bulk of the highly volatile elements H, C, and N now present in Earth and the asteroid belt most likely arrived from a local source (i.e., carbonaceous chondrite–like material) very early in solar system history. The limited variation in δD over a large range of heliocentric distances (1 to 2.4 AU) supports the notion of a uniform source of water in the inner solar system." - Logical fallacy here: Arguing from Ignorance (there is way too much uncertainty to write a scientific research paper)

Wednesday, January 27, 2016

Modern Scientific "Progress" (a.k.a. "Upheaval")

We must still consider modern scientific theories and "consensus" teaching. Are they trustworthy?

Nobel Prize accredited revolutions:
  • HIV (2008 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine) - Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier overturned the teaching that all retroviruses (single strange RNA viruses capable of reverse transcribing, or producing, DNA to insert into and control host cells) cause uncontrolled cell growth. Source: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/press.html

As a graduate student in Materials Science & Engineering, I should note that I'm not anti-science. I do not approach all scientific teaching with skepticism. However, I do believe that history shows that the scientific community makes huge mistakes and oversights--bringing into question adopting scientific teaching as truth.

Wednesday, January 20, 2016

What is trustworthy--scientific theory?

First-off, what is a scientific theory?

A scientific theory is basically an explanation for some aspect(s) of the natural world which has been, apparently, confirmed many times by observation or experiment. So, scientific theories have majority approval, commonly called "consensus", among academics and scientists.

Are scientific theories trustworthy? Otherwise put, is it reasonable to place trust in scientific consensus?

This question requires historical research. Investigation into the field of Biology digs up the following theories:

One might argue that these theories arose before the era of modern science and full development of the scientific method--"we are no longer so blinded as to make mistakes like these anymore."

How do such mistakes arise?

There is oversight (not looking in the right places or using the wrong equipment). There is extrapolated hypothesizing, accepted by the uninformed as fact. Scientists can easily tack hypothesizing into the "Conclusions" section of their papers (note the words "may", "indicate", "suggest", "if", "appear", "we feel", and other vagary). And there is blatant lying.

Detected, Modern Research Misconduct in USA: https://ori.hhs.gov/case_summary